How to make a filter

Making a water filter or a water purifier is a useful life skill that can save a person’s life; A person cannot survive without drinking water for more than three days, especially if an emergency happened to him or he was lost in the wild.   To learn how to make a water filter, the following steps can be followed.

Materials needed:

• a plastic bottle with a cap.
• Activated charcoal. scalpel.
• Hammer.
• nail.
• coffee filter.
• big cup.
• sand.
• Gravel.
• A bowl, or a large cup to hold filtered water.

How to make:

• Cut two and a half centimeters from the bottom of the bottle using the scalpel carefully, cut two holes on both sides of the cut end, and put a string or rope in them so that the bottle can be hung later.
• Drive a screw into the center of the cap to make a hole in it, or the hole can be made with a scalpel if a hammer is not available.
• Put the coffee filter on the mouth of the bottle, then close it tightly using the perforated cap.
• Place the bottle upside down over the bowl or jar, then put the activated charcoal cut into small pieces in it.
• Putting sand on top of the charcoal, and it is preferable to use two types of sand, first placing fine sand, then coarse sand on top of it so that the layers of water filtration increase and contribute to the purification of water more.
• Fill the remaining space of the bottle with gravel, leaving only two and a half centimeters empty. It is preferable to use two types of fine and coarse gravel, placing the fine gravel before the coarse gravel.
• Install the filter and adjust it with the nozzle of the bottle pointing straight down.
• Add water so that the gravel is covered, then wait until the water seeps out and add more water.
• waiting for the water to drain; It takes eight to ten minutes, then returns the water to the filter again if it is not clear.
• Put the filtered water in a pot over the fire until it boils for about a minute until it is safe to drink, but if one is at an altitude higher than a thousand meters above sea level, it is recommended to boil the water for at least three
• Allow the water to cool completely before pouring it and store it in a clean, airtight container.

Creating a ceramic water filtration

The ceramic filter is used to purify water through the ceramic filter available in stores specialized in water purification materials, and this filter can be made with very simple materials:

Materials needed:

1. Ceramic filter or candle filter.
2. Two large clean buckets with lids.
3. faucet.

Making method:

• Punching a circle on the base of the first bucket and the cover of the second bucket directly from the middle, with a diameter of one centimeter and twenty-seven millimeters, then piercing the second bucket another circle from the end with a diameter of one and ninety-one millimeters, provided that the hole is two to five centimeters higher than the base of the
• Put the tap into the side hole tightly from the inside.
• Place the perforated cover over the second country in which the tap is installed.
• Put the first bucket on top of the second bucket, then install the filter in the two holes at the base of the first bucket and the lid of the second bucket, then add water in the first bucket.
• Leave the water for several hours to filter and become drinkable.
• Disassemble the made filter every few months or less if it is used frequently, and clean it well with vinegar or chlorine to get rid of impurities that get stuck in it.

Extra ways of water filtration

There are many simple methods that can be applied to filter water, such as:

Banana peel

There are many simple natural ways that can be followed to filter water and purify it from impurities, such as using banana peels; A study by researcher Gustavo Castro, a chemist at the University of São Paulo, showed that banana peels contain atoms of sulfur and nitrogen, and organic compounds such as carboxylic acid with negative charges, which often pick up the minerals in the water that are positively  It is also effective in purifying iron from lead and copper more than other types of filtration, and scientists have shown that the filter used from banana peels can be used eleven times without losing its ability to capture metals, and despite this, Castro does not recommend using banana peels in household filters.  ; Because studies have not yet proven its ability to absorb toxins that may be present in it.

Moringa plant

 The thorny Moringa tree grows in hot, dry areas where there is pollution in the water, and this tree is called the miracle tree; Because its seeds have a distinctive property in getting rid of bacteria in the water, they are used by grinding them and adding them to sand, then soaking the water with this mixture and filtering it over a period of.